Constipation is a common issue in children, often caused by diet, dehydration, or lack of physical activity. However, in some cases, persistent constipation may indicate a more serious condition called Hirschsprung’s disease.
Understanding the signs and knowing when to seek medical help can ensure early diagnosis and treatment. In this blog, we’ll explore Hirschsprung’s disease, its symptoms, and when to suspect it in a constipated child.
What Is Hirschsprung’s Disease?
Hirschsprung’s disease is a congenital (present at birth) condition where nerve cells are missing in parts of the large intestine (colon). This absence prevents the colon from relaxing and moving stool properly, leading to severe constipation or even intestinal blockages.
Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
While occasional constipation is normal, the following symptoms may indicate Hirschsprung’s disease:
In Newborns:
- Failure to pass meconium (the first stool) within 48 hours after birth
- Swollen belly (abdominal distension)
- Vomiting (sometimes green or brown vomit)
- Reluctance to feed
In Infants and Older Children:
- Chronic constipation that doesn’t improve with dietary changes or laxatives
- Small, watery stools (overflow diarrhea)
- Poor weight gain or growth delays
- A swollen or firm abdomen
- Fatigue and irritability
When to See a Doctor
✔ No bowel movement in the first two days after birth
✔ Severe bloating and vomiting
✔ Persistent constipation despite treatment
Consult a pediatrician immediately. Early diagnosis can prevent complications like enterocolitis (a life-threatening intestinal infection).
Diagnosis and Treatment
Doctors may perform:
- Rectal biopsy (to check for missing nerve cells)
- Abdominal X-rays or contrast enema
- Anorectal manometry (to measure muscle function)
Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the affected part of the colon and reconnect the healthy sections. Most children recover well after treatment. While constipation is usually harmless, persistent symptoms—especially in newborns—could signal Hirschsprung’s disease. Recognizing the warning signs and seeking prompt medical care can make a significant difference in your child’s health.